நாம் தினமும் வீட்டில் சமையலுக்கு பயன்படுத்தும் சீரகம் மருத்துவ குணங்கள் அதிகம் வாய்ந்தது என்பது தெரியுமா?
சீரகம் சேர்த்து கொதிக்க வைத்த தண்ணீரை ஆறவைத்து அடிக்கடி குடித்து வந்தால் அஜீரணக் கோளாறுகள் நீங்கும்.
சீரகத்தை வாயில் போட்டு குளிர்ந்த தண்ணீரை குடித்தால் தலைச்சுற்றல், மயக்கம் நீங்கி விடும்.
திராட்சை ஜூஸுடன் சீரகம் கலந்து பருகி வர இரத்த அழுத்தத்தை கட்டுப்படுத்தலாம்.
அகத்திக்கீரையுடன் சீரகம், சின்ன வெங்காயம் சேர்த்து கஷாயம் சாப்பிட்டு வந்தால் மனநோய் குணமாகும்.
வறுத்த சீரகத்துடன் கருப்பட்டி சேர்த்து சாப்பிட்டு வந்தால் நரம்புத் தளர்ச்சி குணமாகும்.
சீரகத்துடன் பூண்டை அரைத்து எலுமிச்சை சாறு கலந்து குடித்து வந்தால் குடல் நோய்கள் குணமாகும்.
Sunday, December 21, 2008
இளையான்குடி டாக்டர் ஜாஹிர் உசேன் கல்லூரியில் மாநில அளவிலான கருத்தரங்கம்
இளையான்குடி டாக்டர் ஜாஹிர் உசேன் கல்லூரியில் மாநில அளவிலான கருத்தரங்கம்
இளையான்குடி டாக்டர் ஜாஹிர் உசேன் கல்லூரியில் கன்சர்வேசன் அன்ட் யுடிலைசேஷன் ஆஃப் பயோ ரிசோர்சர்ஸ் ஃபார் ரூரல் டெவலப்மெண்ட் ( CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF BIO RESOURCES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT) எனும் தலைப்பிலான CONSERVE BIO RESOURCES 2008 கருத்தரங்கம் டிசம்பர் 22 மற்றும் 23 ஆகிய இரு தினங்கள் நடக்க இருப்பதாக கருத்தரங்க செயலர் பேராசிரியர் முனைவர் எஸ். ஆபிதீன் தெரிவித்துள்ளார்.
இக்கருத்தரங்கை சிறப்புற நடத்திட கல்லூரி செயலர் வி.எம். ஜபருல்லாஹ் கான், முதல்வர் முனைவர் எம்.எம்.இ. சையது ஹுசைன் தலைமையில் பேராசிரியர்கள் சித்திக் அலி, முஹம்மது ஃபாரூக், ரஜ்ப்தீன், உத்திர செல்வம், இம்மானுவேல் சுரேஸ், கவிதா, முனைவர் கே. உஸ்மான், பேராசிரியர் அஹமது உள்ளிட்டோரைக் கொண்ட ஏற்பாட்டுக்குழு செயலாற்றி வருகிறது.
இக்கருத்தரங்கில் நாடெங்கிலும் இருந்து ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் கலந்து கொண்ட் சிறப்பிக்க உள்ளனர். இக்கருத்தரங்கு பல்கலைக்கழக மானியக்குழு உதவியுடன் நடத்தப்படுகிறது.
மேலதிக விபரம் பெற 99658 92706
இளையான்குடி டாக்டர் ஜாஹிர் உசேன் கல்லூரியில் கன்சர்வேசன் அன்ட் யுடிலைசேஷன் ஆஃப் பயோ ரிசோர்சர்ஸ் ஃபார் ரூரல் டெவலப்மெண்ட் ( CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF BIO RESOURCES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT) எனும் தலைப்பிலான CONSERVE BIO RESOURCES 2008 கருத்தரங்கம் டிசம்பர் 22 மற்றும் 23 ஆகிய இரு தினங்கள் நடக்க இருப்பதாக கருத்தரங்க செயலர் பேராசிரியர் முனைவர் எஸ். ஆபிதீன் தெரிவித்துள்ளார்.
இக்கருத்தரங்கை சிறப்புற நடத்திட கல்லூரி செயலர் வி.எம். ஜபருல்லாஹ் கான், முதல்வர் முனைவர் எம்.எம்.இ. சையது ஹுசைன் தலைமையில் பேராசிரியர்கள் சித்திக் அலி, முஹம்மது ஃபாரூக், ரஜ்ப்தீன், உத்திர செல்வம், இம்மானுவேல் சுரேஸ், கவிதா, முனைவர் கே. உஸ்மான், பேராசிரியர் அஹமது உள்ளிட்டோரைக் கொண்ட ஏற்பாட்டுக்குழு செயலாற்றி வருகிறது.
இக்கருத்தரங்கில் நாடெங்கிலும் இருந்து ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் கலந்து கொண்ட் சிறப்பிக்க உள்ளனர். இக்கருத்தரங்கு பல்கலைக்கழக மானியக்குழு உதவியுடன் நடத்தப்படுகிறது.
மேலதிக விபரம் பெற 99658 92706
The monster in the mirror
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy
The monster in the mirror
The Mumbai attacks have been dubbed 'India's 9/11', and there are
calls for a 9/11-style response, including an attack on Pakistan. Instead,
the country must fight terrorism with justice, or face civil war
We've forfeited the rights to our own tragedies. As the carnage in
Mumbai raged on, day after horrible day, our 24-hour news channels informed
us that we were watching "India's 9/11". Like actors in a
Bollywood rip-off
of an old Hollywood film, we're expected to play our parts and say our
lines, even though we know it's all been said and done before.
As tension in the region builds, US Senator John McCain has warned
Pakistan that if it didn't act fast to arrest the "Bad Guys" he
had personal
information that India would launch air strikes on "terrorist camps"
in
Pakistan and that Washington could do nothing because Mumbai was India's
9/11.
But November isn't September, 2008 isn't 2001, Pakistan isn't
Afghanistan and India isn't America.. So perhaps we should reclaim our
tragedy and pick through the debris with our own brains and our own broken
hearts so that we can arrive at our own conclusions.
It's odd how in the last week of November thousands of people in
Kashmir supervised by thousands of Indian troops lined up to cast their
vote, while the richest quarters of India's richest city ended up looking
like war-torn Kupwara - one of Kashmir's most ravaged districts.
The Mumbai attacks are only the most recent of a spate of terrorist
attacks on Indian towns and cities this year. Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Delhi,
Guwahati, Jaipur and Malegaon have all seen serial bomb blasts in which
hundreds of ordinary people have been killed and wounded. If the police are
right about the people they have arrested as suspects, both Hindu and
Muslim, all Indian nationals, it obviously indicates that something's going
very badly wrong in this country.
If you were watching television you may not have heard that ordinary
people too died in Mumbai. They were mowed down in a busy railway station
and a public hospital. The terrorists did not distinguish between poor and
rich. They killed both with equal cold-bloodedness. The Indian media,
however, was transfixed by the rising tide of horror that breached the
glittering barricades of India Shining and spread its stench in the marbled
lobbies and crystal ballrooms of two incredibly luxurious hotels and a small
Jewish centre.
We're told one of these hotels is an icon of the city of Mumbai.
That's absolutely true. It's an icon of the easy, obscene injustice
that
ordinary Indians endure every day.. On a day when the newspapers were full
of moving obituaries by beautiful people about the hotel rooms they had
stayed in, the gourmet restaurants they loved (ironically one was called
Kandahar), and the staff who served them, a small box on the top left-hand
corner in the inner pages of a national newspaper (sponsored by a pizza
company I think) said "Hungry, kya?" (Hungry eh?). It then, with the
best of
intentions I'm sure, informed its readers that on the international hunger
index, India ranked below Sudan and Somalia. But of course this isn't that
war. That one's still being fought in the Dalit bastis of our villages, on
the banks of the Narmada and the Koel Karo rivers; in the rubber estate in
Chengara; in the villages of Nandigram, Singur, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Orissa, Lalgarh in West Bengal and the slums and shantytowns of our gigantic
cities.
That war isn't on TV. Yet. So maybe, like everyone else, we should
deal with the one that is.
There is a fierce, unforgiving fault-line that runs through the
contemporary discourse on terrorism. On one side (let's call it Side A) are
those who see terrorism, especially "Islamist" terrorism, as a
hateful,
insane scourge that spins on its own axis, in its own orbit and has nothing
to do with the world around it, nothing to do with history, geography or
economics. Therefore, Side A says, to try and place it in a political
context, or even try to understand it, amounts to justifying it and is a
crime in itself.
Side B believes that though nothing can ever excuse or justify
terrorism, it exists in a particular time, place and political context, and
to refuse to see that will only aggravate the problem and put more and more
people in harm's way. Which is a crime in itself.
The sayings of Hafiz Saeed, who founded the Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of
the Pure) in 1990 and who belongs to the hardline Salafi tradition of Islam,
certainly bolsters the case of Side A. Hafiz Saeed approves of suicide
bombing, hates Jews, Shias and Democracy and believes that jihad should be
waged until Islam, his Islam, rules the world.. Among the things he said
are: "There cannot be any peace while India remains intact. Cut them, cut
them so much that they kneel before you and ask for mercy."
And: "India has shown us this path. We would like to give India a
tit-for-tat response and reciprocate in the same way by killing the Hindus,
just like it is killing the Muslims in Kashmir."
But where would Side A accommodate the sayings of Babu Bajrangi of
Ahmedabad, India, who sees himself as a democrat, not a terrorist? He was
one of the major lynchpins of the 2002 Gujarat genocide and has said (on
camera): "We didn't spare a single Muslim shop, we set everything on
fire
... we hacked, burned, set on fire ... we believe in setting them on fire
because these bastards don't want to be cremated, they're afraid of it
... I
have just one last wish ... let me be sentenced to death ... I don't care
if
I'm hanged ... just give me two days before my hanging and I will go and
have a field day in Juhapura where seven or eight lakhs [seven or eight
hundred thousand] of these people stay ... I will finish them off ... let a
few more of them die .... at least 25,000 to 50,000 should die."
And where, in Side A's scheme of things, would we place the
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh bible, We, or, Our Nationhood Defined by MS
Golwalkar, who became head of the RSS in 1944. It says: "Ever since that
evil day, when Moslems first landed in Hindustan, right up to the present
moment, the Hindu Nation has been gallantly fighting on to take on these
despoilers. The Race Spirit has been awakening."
Or: "To keep up the purity of its race and culture, Germany shocked
the world by her purging the country of the Semitic races - the Jews. Race
pride at its highest has been manifested here ... a good lesson for us in
Hindustan to learn and profit by."
(Of course Muslims are not the only people in the gun sights of the
Hindu right. Dalits have been consistently targeted. Recently in Kandhamal
in Orissa, Christians were the target of two and a half months of violence
which left more than 40 dead. Forty thousand people have been driven from
their homes, half of who now live in refugee camps.)
All these years Hafiz Saeed has lived the life of a respectable man
in Lahore as the head of the Jamaat-ud Daawa, which many believe is a front
organization for the Lashkar-e-Taiba. He continues to recruit young boys for
his own bigoted jehad with his twisted, fiery sermons. On December 11 the UN
imposed sanctions on the Jammat-ud-Daawa. The Pakistani government succumbed
to international pressure and put Hafiz Saeed under house arrest. Babu
Bajrangi, however, is out on bail and lives the life of a respectable man in
Gujarat. A couple of years after the genocide he left the VHP to join the
Shiv Sena. Narendra Modi, Bajrangi's former mentor, is still the chief
minister of Gujarat. So the man who presided over the Gujarat genocide was
re-elected twice, and is deeply respected by India's biggest corporate
houses, Reliance and Tata.
Suhel Seth, a TV impresario and corporate spokesperson, recently
said: "Modi is God." The policemen who supervised and sometimes even
assisted the rampaging Hindu mobs in Gujarat have been rewarded and
promoted. The RSS has 45,000 branches, its own range of charities and 7
million volunteers preaching its doctrine of hate across India. They include
Narendra Modi, but also former prime minister AB Vajpayee, current leader of
the opposition LK Advani, and a host of other senior politicians,
bureaucrats and police and intelligence officers.
If that's not enough to complicate our picture of secular democracy,
we should place on record that there are plenty of Muslim organisations
within India preaching their own narrow bigotry.
So, on balance, if I had to choose between Side A and Side B, I'd
pick Side B. We need context. Always.
In this nuclear subcontinent that context is partition. The
Radcliffe Line, which separated India and Pakistan and tore through states,
districts, villages, fields, communities, water systems, homes and families,
was drawn virtually overnight. It was Britain's final, parting kick to us.
Partition triggered the massacre of more than a million people and the
largest migration of a human population in contemporary history. Eight
million people, Hindus fleeing the new Pakistan, Muslims fleeing the new
kind of India left their homes with nothing but the clothes on their backs.
Each of those people carries and passes down a story of unimaginable
pain, hate, horror but yearning too. That wound, those torn but still
unsevered muscles, that blood and those splintered bones still lock us
together in a close embrace of hatred, terrifying familiarity but also love.
It has left Kashmir trapped in a nightmare from which it can't seem to
emerge, a nightmare that has claimed more than 60,000 lives. Pakistan, the
Land of the Pure, became an Islamic Republic, and then, very quickly a
corrupt, violent military state, openly intolerant of other faiths. India on
the other hand declared herself an inclusive, secular democracy. It was a
magnificent undertaking, but Babu Bajrangi's predecessors had been hard at
work since the 1920s, dripping poison into India's bloodstream, undermining
that idea of India even before it was born.
By 1990 they were ready to make a bid for power. In 1992 Hindu mobs
exhorted by LK Advani stormed the Babri Masjid and demolished it. By 1998
the BJP was in power at the centre. The US war on terror put the wind in
their sails. It allowed them to do exactly as they pleased, even to commit
genocide and then present their fascism as a legitimate form of chaotic
democracy. This happened at a time when India had opened its huge market to
international finance and it was in the interests of international
corporations and the media houses they owned to project it as a country that
could do no wrong. That gave Hindu nationalists all the impetus and the
impunity they needed.
This, then, is the larger historical context of terrorism in the
subcontinent and of the Mumbai attacks. It shouldn't surprise us that Hafiz
Saeed of the Lashkar-e-Taiba is from Shimla (India) and LK Advani of the
Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh is from Sindh (Pakistan).
In much the same way as it did after the 2001 parliament attack, the
2002 burning of the Sabarmati Express and the 2007 bombing of the Samjhauta
Express, the government of India announced that it has
"incontrovertible"
evidence that the Lashkar-e-Taiba backed by Pakistan's ISI was behind the
Mumbai strikes. The Lashkar has denied involvement, but remains the prime
accused. According to the police and intelligence agencies the Lashkar
operates in India through an organisation called the Indian Mujahideen. Two
Indian nationals, Sheikh Mukhtar Ahmed, a Special Police Officer working for
the Jammu and Kashmir police, and Tausif Rehman, a resident of Kolkata in
West Bengal, have been arrested in connection with the Mumbai attacks.
So already the neat accusation against Pakistan is getting a little
messy. Almost always, when these stories unspool, they reveal a complicated
global network of foot soldiers, trainers, recruiters, middlemen and
undercover intelligence and counter-intelligence operatives working not just
on both sides of the India-Pakistan border, but in several countries
simultaneously. In today's world, trying to pin down the provenance of a
terrorist strike and isolate it within the borders of a single nation state
is very much like trying to pin down the provenance of corporate money.
It's
almost impossible.
In circumstances like these, air strikes to "take out" terrorist
camps may take out the camps, but certainly will not "take out" the
terrorists. Neither will war. (Also, in our bid for the moral high ground,
let's try not to forget that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the LTTE
of neighbouring Sri Lanka, one of the world's most deadly terrorist groups,
were trained by the Indian army.)
Thanks largely to the part it was forced to play as America's ally
first in its war in support of the Afghan Islamists and then in its war
against them, Pakistan, whose territory is reeling under these
contradictions, is careening towards civil war. As recruiting agents for
America's jihad against the Soviet Union, it was the job of the Pakistan
army and the ISI to nurture and channel funds to Islamic fundamentalist
organizations. Having wired up these Frankensteins and released them into
the world, the US expected it could rein them in like pet mastiffs whenever
it wanted to.
Certainly it did not expect them to come calling in heart of the
Homeland on September 11. So once again, Afghanistan had to be violently
remade. Now the debris of a re-ravaged Afghanistan has washed up on
Pakistan's borders. Nobody, least of all the Pakistan government, denies
that it is presiding over a country that is threatening to implode. The
terrorist training camps, the fire-breathing mullahs and the maniacs who
believe that Islam will, or should, rule the world is mostly the detritus of
two Afghan wars. Their ire rains down on the Pakistan government and
Pakistani civilians as much, if not more than it does on India.
If at this point India decides to go to war perhaps the descent of
the whole region into chaos will be complete. The debris of a bankrupt,
destroyed Pakistan will wash up on India's shores, endangering us as never
before. If Pakistan collapses, we can look forward to having millions of
"non-state actors" with an arsenal of nuclear weapons at their
disposal as
neighbours.. It's hard to understand why those who steer India's ship
are so
keen to replicate Pakistan's mistakes and call damnation upon this country
by inviting the United States to further meddle clumsily and dangerously in
our extremely complicated affairs. A superpower never has allies. It only
has agents.
On the plus side, the advantage of going to war is that it's the
best way for India to avoid facing up to the serious trouble building on our
home front. The Mumbai attacks were broadcast live (and exclusive!) on all
or most of our 67 24-hour news channels and god knows how many international
ones. TV anchors in their studios and journalists at "ground zero"
kept up
an endless stream of excited commentary. Over three days and three nights we
watched in disbelief as a small group of very young men armed with guns and
gadgets exposed the powerlessness of the police, the elite National Security
Guard and the marine commandos of this supposedly mighty, nuclear-powered
nation.
While they did this they indiscriminately massacred unarmed people,
in railway stations, hospitals and luxury hotels, unmindful of their class,
caste, religion or nationality. (Part of the helplessness of the security
forces had to do with having to worry about hostages. In other situations,
in Kashmir for example, their tactics are not so sensitive. Whole buildings
are blown up. Human shields are used. The U.S and Israeli armies don't
hesitate to send cruise missiles into buildings and drop daisy cutters on
wedding parties in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan.) But this was different.
And it was on TV.
The boy-terrorists' nonchalant willingness to kill - and be killed -
mesmerised their international audience. They delivered something different
from the usual diet of suicide bombings and missile attacks that people have
grown inured to on the news. Here was something new. Die Hard 25. The
gruesome performance went on and on. TV ratings soared. Ask any television
magnate or corporate advertiser who measures broadcast time in seconds, not
minutes, what that's worth.
Eventually the killers died and died hard, all but one. (Perhaps, in
the chaos, some escaped. We may never know.) Throughout the standoff the
terrorists made no demands and expressed no desire to negotiate. Their
purpose was to kill people and inflict as much damage as they could before
they were killed themselves. They left us completely bewildered. When we say
"nothing can justify terrorism", what most of us mean is that nothing
can
justify the taking of human life. We say this because we respect life,
because we think it's precious. So what are we to make of those who care
nothing for life, not even their own? The truth is that we have no idea what
to make of them, because we can sense that even before they've died,
they've
journeyed to another world where we cannot reach them.
One TV channel (India TV) broadcast a phone conversation with one of
the attackers, who called himself Imran Babar. I cannot vouch for the
veracity of the conversation, but the things he talked about were the things
contained in the "terror emails" that were sent out before several
other
bomb attacks in India. Things we don't want to talk about any more: the
demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992, the genocidal slaughter of Muslims
in Gujarat in 2002, the brutal repression in Kashmir. "You're
surrounded,"
the anchor told him. "You are definitely going to die. Why don't you
surrender?"
"We die every day," he replied in a strange, mechanical way.
"It's
better to live one day as a lion and then die this way." He didn't
seem to
want to change the world. He just seemed to want to take it down with him.
If the men were indeed members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, why didn't it
matter to them that a large number of their victims were Muslim, or that
their action was likely to result in a severe backlash against the Muslim
community in India whose rights they claim to be fighting for? Terrorism is
a heartless ideology, and like most ideologies that have their eye on the
Big Picture, individuals don't figure in their calculations except as
collateral damage. It has always been a part of and often even the aim of
terrorist strategy to exacerbate a bad situation in order to expose hidden
faultlines. The blood of "martyrs" irrigates terrorism. Hindu
terrorists
need dead Hindus, Communist terrorists need dead proletarians, Islamist
terrorists need dead Muslims. The dead become the demonstration, the proof
of victimhood, which is central to the project. A single act of terrorism is
not in itself meant to achieve military victory; at best it is meant to be a
catalyst that triggers something else, something much larger than itself, a
tectonic shift, a realignment. The act itself is theatre, spectacle and
symbolism, and today, the stage on which it pirouettes and performs its acts
of bestiality is Live TV. Even as the attack was being condemned by TV
anchors, the effectiveness of the terror strikes were being magnified a
thousandfold by TV broadcasts.
Through the endless hours of analysis and the endless op-ed essays,
in India at least there has been very little mention of the elephants in the
room: Kashmir, Gujarat and the demolition of the Babri Masjid. Instead we
had retired diplomats and strategic experts debate the pros and cons of a
war against Pakistan. We had the rich threatening not to pay their taxes
unless their security was guaranteed (is it alright for the poor to remain
unprotected?). We had people suggest that the government step down and each
state in India be handed over to a separate corporation. We had the death of
former prime minster VP Singh, the hero of Dalits and lower castes and
villain of Upper caste Hindus pass without a mention.
We had Suketu Mehta, author of Maximum City and co-writer of the
Bollywood film Mission Kashmir, give us his version of George Bush's famous
"Why they hate us" speech. His analysis of why religious bigots, both
Hindu
and Muslim hate Mumbai: "Perhaps because Mumbai stands for lucre, profane
dreams and an indiscriminate openness." His prescription: "The best
answer
to the terrorists is to dream bigger, make even more money, and visit Mumbai
more than ever." Didn't George Bush ask Americans to go out and shop
after
9/11? Ah yes. 9/11, the day we can't seem to get away from.
Though one chapter of horror in Mumbai has ended, another might have
just begun. Day after day, a powerful, vociferous section of the Indian
elite, goaded by marauding TV anchors who make Fox News look almost radical
and leftwing, have taken to mindlessly attacking politicians, all
politicians, glorifying the police and the army and virtually asking for a
police state. It isn't surprising that those who have grown plump on the
pickings of democracy (such as it is) should now be calling for a police
state. The era of "pickings" is long gone. We're now in the era
of Grabbing
by Force, and democracy has a terrible habit of getting in the way.
Dangerous, stupid television flashcards like the Police are Good
Politicians are Bad/Chief Executives are Good Chief Ministers are Bad/Army
is Good Government is Bad/ India is Good Pakistan is Bad are being bandied
about by TV channels that have already whipped their viewers into a state of
almost uncontrollable hysteria.
Tragically, this regression into intellectual infancy comes at a
time when people in India were beginning to see that in the business of
terrorism, victims and perpetrators sometimes exchange roles. It's an
understanding that the people of Kashmir, given their dreadful experiences
of the last 20 years, have honed to an exquisite art. On the mainland we're
still learning. (If Kashmir won't willingly integrate into India, it's
beginning to look as though India will integrate/disintegrate into Kashmir.)
It was after the 2001 parliament attack that the first serious
questions began to be raised. A campaign by a group of lawyers and activists
exposed how innocent people had been framed by the police and the press, how
evidence was fabricated, how witnesses lied, how due process had been
criminally violated at every stage of the investigation. Eventually the
courts acquitted two out of the four accused, including SAR Geelani, the man
whom the police claimed was the mastermind of the operation. A third,
Showkat Guru, was acquitted of all the charges brought against him but was
then convicted for a fresh, comparatively minor offence. The supreme court
upheld the death sentence of another of the accused, Mohammad Afzal. In its
judgment the court acknowledged there was no proof that Mohammed Afzal
belonged to any terrorist group, but went on to say, quite shockingly,
"The
collective conscience of the society will only be satisfied if capital
punishment is awarded to the offender." Even today we don't really
know who
the terrorists that attacked the Indian parliament were and who they worked
for.
More recently, on September 19 this year, we had the controversial
"encounter" at Batla House in Jamia Nagar, Delhi, where the Special
Cell of
the Delhi police gunned down two Muslim students in their rented flat under
seriously questionable circumstances, claiming that they were responsible
for serial bombings in Delhi, Jaipur and Ahmedabad in 2008. An assistant
commissioner of Police, Mohan Chand Sharma, who played a key role in the
parliament attack investigation, lost his life as well. He was one of
India's many "encounter specialists" known and rewarded for
having summarily
executed several "terrorists". There was an outcry against the
Special Cell
from a spectrum of people, ranging from eyewitnesses in the local community
to senior Congress Party leaders, students, journalists, lawyers, academics
and activists all of whom demanded a judicial inquiry into the incident.. In
response, the BJP and LK Advani lauded Mohan Chand Sharma as a
"Braveheart"
and launched a concerted campaign in which they targeted those who had dared
to question the integrity of the police, saying it was "suicidal" and
calling them "anti-national". Of course there has been no inquiry.
Only days after the Batla House event, another story about
"terrorists" surfaced in the news. In a report submitted to a
sessions
court, the CBI said that a team from Delhi's Special Cell (the same team
that led the Batla House encounter, including Mohan Chand Sharma) had
abducted two innocent men, Irshad Ali and Moarif Qamar, in December 2005,
planted 2kg of RDX and two pistols on them and then arrested them as
"terrorists" who belonged to Al Badr (which operates out of Kashmir).
Ali
and Qamar who have spent years in jail, are only two examples out of
hundreds of Muslims who have been similarly jailed, tortured and even killed
on false charges.
This pattern changed in October 2008 when Maharashtra's
Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) that was investigating the September 2008
Malegaon blasts arrested a Hindu preacher Sadhvi Pragya, a self-styled God
man Swami Dayanand Pande and Lt Col Purohit, a serving officer of the Indian
Army. All the arrested belong to Hindu Nationalist organizations including a
Hindu Supremacist group called Abhinav Bharat. The Shiv Sena, the BJP and
the RSS condemned the Maharashtra ATS, and vilified its chief, Hemant
Karkare, claiming he was part of a political conspiracy and declaring that
"Hindus could not be terrorists". LK Advani changed his mind about
his
policy on the police and made rabble rousing speeches to huge gatherings in
which he denounced the ATS for daring to cast aspersions on holy men and
women.
On the November 25 newspapers reported that the ATS was
investigating the high profile VHP Chief Pravin Togadia's possible role in
the Malegaon blasts. The next day, in an extraordinary twist of fate, Hemant
Karkare was killed in the Mumbai Attacks. The chances are that the new chief
whoever he is, will find it hard to withstand the political pressure that is
bound to be brought on him over the Malegaon investigation.
While the Sangh Parivar does not seem to have come to a final
decision over whether or not it is anti-national and suicidal to question
the police, Arnab Goswami, anchorperson of Times Now television, has stepped
up to the plate. He has taken to naming, demonising and openly heckling
people who have dared to question the integrity of the police and armed
forces. My name and the name of the well-known lawyer Prashant Bhushan have
come up several times. At one point, while interviewing a former police
officer, Arnab Goswami turned to camera: "Arundhati Roy and Prashant
Bhushan," he said, "I hope you are watching this. We think you are
disgusting." For a TV anchor to do this in an atmosphere as charged and as
frenzied as the one that prevails today, amounts to incitement as well as
threat, and would probably in different circumstances have cost a journalist
his or her job.
So according to a man aspiring to be the next prime minister of
India, and another who is the public face of a mainstream TV channel,
citizens have no right to raise questions about the police. This in a
country with a shadowy history of suspicious terror attacks, murky
investigations, and fake "encounters". This in a country that boasts
of the
highest number of custodial deaths in the world and yet refuses to ratify
the International Covenant on Torture. A country where the ones who make it
to torture chambers are the lucky ones because at least they've escaped
being "encountered" by our Encounter Specialists. A country where the
line
between the Underworld and the Encounter Specialists virtually does not
exist.
How should those of us whose hearts have been sickened by the
knowledge of all of this view the Mumbai attacks, and what are we to do
about them? There are those who point out that US strategy has been
successful inasmuch as the United States has not suffered a major attack on
its home ground since 9/11. However, some would say that what America is
suffering now is far worse. If the idea behind the 9/11 terror attacks was
to goad America into showing its true colors, what greater success could the
terrorists have asked for? The US army is bogged down in two unwinnable
wars, which have made the United States the most hated country in the world.
Those wars have contributed greatly to the unraveling of the American
economy and who knows, perhaps eventually the American empire. (Could it be
that battered, bombed Afghanistan, the graveyard of the Soviet Union, will
be the undoing of this one too?) Hundreds of thousands people including
thousands of American soldiers have lost their lives in Iraq and
Afghanistan. The frequency of terrorist strikes on U.S allies/agents
(including India) and U.S interests in the rest of the world has increased
dramatically since 9/11. George Bush, the man who led the US response to
9/11 is a despised figure not just internationally, but also by his own
people. Who can possibly claim that the United States is winning the war on
terror?
Homeland Security has cost the US government billions of dollars.
Few countries, certainly not India, can afford that sort of price tag. But
even if we could, the fact is that this vast homeland of ours cannot be
secured or policed in the way the United States has been. It's not that
kind
of homeland. We have a hostile nuclear weapons state that is slowly spinning
out of control as a neighbour, we have a military occupation in Kashmir and
a shamefully persecuted, impoverished minority of more than 150 million
Muslims who are being targeted as a community and pushed to the wall, whose
young see no justice on the horizon, and who, were they to totally lose hope
and radicalise, end up as a threat not just to India, but to the whole
world. If ten men can hold off the NSG commandos, and the police for three
days, and if it takes half a million soldiers to hold down the Kashmir
valley, do the math. What kind of Homeland Security can secure India?
Nor for that matter will any other quick fix. Anti-terrorism laws
are not meant for terrorists; they're for people that governments don't
like. That's why they have a conviction rate of less than 2%. They're
just a
means of putting inconvenient people away without bail for a long time and
eventually letting them go. Terrorists like those who attacked Mumbai are
hardly likely to be deterred by the prospect of being refused bail or being
sentenced to death. It's what they want.
What we're experiencing now is blowback, the cumulative result of
decades of quick fixes and dirty deeds. The carpet's squelching under our
feet.
The only way to contain (it would be na?ve to say end) terrorism is
to look at the monster in the mirror. We're standing at a fork in the road.
One sign says Justice, the other Civil War. There's no third sign and
there's no going back. Choose.
The monster in the mirror
The Mumbai attacks have been dubbed 'India's 9/11', and there are
calls for a 9/11-style response, including an attack on Pakistan. Instead,
the country must fight terrorism with justice, or face civil war
We've forfeited the rights to our own tragedies. As the carnage in
Mumbai raged on, day after horrible day, our 24-hour news channels informed
us that we were watching "India's 9/11". Like actors in a
Bollywood rip-off
of an old Hollywood film, we're expected to play our parts and say our
lines, even though we know it's all been said and done before.
As tension in the region builds, US Senator John McCain has warned
Pakistan that if it didn't act fast to arrest the "Bad Guys" he
had personal
information that India would launch air strikes on "terrorist camps"
in
Pakistan and that Washington could do nothing because Mumbai was India's
9/11.
But November isn't September, 2008 isn't 2001, Pakistan isn't
Afghanistan and India isn't America.. So perhaps we should reclaim our
tragedy and pick through the debris with our own brains and our own broken
hearts so that we can arrive at our own conclusions.
It's odd how in the last week of November thousands of people in
Kashmir supervised by thousands of Indian troops lined up to cast their
vote, while the richest quarters of India's richest city ended up looking
like war-torn Kupwara - one of Kashmir's most ravaged districts.
The Mumbai attacks are only the most recent of a spate of terrorist
attacks on Indian towns and cities this year. Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Delhi,
Guwahati, Jaipur and Malegaon have all seen serial bomb blasts in which
hundreds of ordinary people have been killed and wounded. If the police are
right about the people they have arrested as suspects, both Hindu and
Muslim, all Indian nationals, it obviously indicates that something's going
very badly wrong in this country.
If you were watching television you may not have heard that ordinary
people too died in Mumbai. They were mowed down in a busy railway station
and a public hospital. The terrorists did not distinguish between poor and
rich. They killed both with equal cold-bloodedness. The Indian media,
however, was transfixed by the rising tide of horror that breached the
glittering barricades of India Shining and spread its stench in the marbled
lobbies and crystal ballrooms of two incredibly luxurious hotels and a small
Jewish centre.
We're told one of these hotels is an icon of the city of Mumbai.
That's absolutely true. It's an icon of the easy, obscene injustice
that
ordinary Indians endure every day.. On a day when the newspapers were full
of moving obituaries by beautiful people about the hotel rooms they had
stayed in, the gourmet restaurants they loved (ironically one was called
Kandahar), and the staff who served them, a small box on the top left-hand
corner in the inner pages of a national newspaper (sponsored by a pizza
company I think) said "Hungry, kya?" (Hungry eh?). It then, with the
best of
intentions I'm sure, informed its readers that on the international hunger
index, India ranked below Sudan and Somalia. But of course this isn't that
war. That one's still being fought in the Dalit bastis of our villages, on
the banks of the Narmada and the Koel Karo rivers; in the rubber estate in
Chengara; in the villages of Nandigram, Singur, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Orissa, Lalgarh in West Bengal and the slums and shantytowns of our gigantic
cities.
That war isn't on TV. Yet. So maybe, like everyone else, we should
deal with the one that is.
There is a fierce, unforgiving fault-line that runs through the
contemporary discourse on terrorism. On one side (let's call it Side A) are
those who see terrorism, especially "Islamist" terrorism, as a
hateful,
insane scourge that spins on its own axis, in its own orbit and has nothing
to do with the world around it, nothing to do with history, geography or
economics. Therefore, Side A says, to try and place it in a political
context, or even try to understand it, amounts to justifying it and is a
crime in itself.
Side B believes that though nothing can ever excuse or justify
terrorism, it exists in a particular time, place and political context, and
to refuse to see that will only aggravate the problem and put more and more
people in harm's way. Which is a crime in itself.
The sayings of Hafiz Saeed, who founded the Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of
the Pure) in 1990 and who belongs to the hardline Salafi tradition of Islam,
certainly bolsters the case of Side A. Hafiz Saeed approves of suicide
bombing, hates Jews, Shias and Democracy and believes that jihad should be
waged until Islam, his Islam, rules the world.. Among the things he said
are: "There cannot be any peace while India remains intact. Cut them, cut
them so much that they kneel before you and ask for mercy."
And: "India has shown us this path. We would like to give India a
tit-for-tat response and reciprocate in the same way by killing the Hindus,
just like it is killing the Muslims in Kashmir."
But where would Side A accommodate the sayings of Babu Bajrangi of
Ahmedabad, India, who sees himself as a democrat, not a terrorist? He was
one of the major lynchpins of the 2002 Gujarat genocide and has said (on
camera): "We didn't spare a single Muslim shop, we set everything on
fire
... we hacked, burned, set on fire ... we believe in setting them on fire
because these bastards don't want to be cremated, they're afraid of it
... I
have just one last wish ... let me be sentenced to death ... I don't care
if
I'm hanged ... just give me two days before my hanging and I will go and
have a field day in Juhapura where seven or eight lakhs [seven or eight
hundred thousand] of these people stay ... I will finish them off ... let a
few more of them die .... at least 25,000 to 50,000 should die."
And where, in Side A's scheme of things, would we place the
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh bible, We, or, Our Nationhood Defined by MS
Golwalkar, who became head of the RSS in 1944. It says: "Ever since that
evil day, when Moslems first landed in Hindustan, right up to the present
moment, the Hindu Nation has been gallantly fighting on to take on these
despoilers. The Race Spirit has been awakening."
Or: "To keep up the purity of its race and culture, Germany shocked
the world by her purging the country of the Semitic races - the Jews. Race
pride at its highest has been manifested here ... a good lesson for us in
Hindustan to learn and profit by."
(Of course Muslims are not the only people in the gun sights of the
Hindu right. Dalits have been consistently targeted. Recently in Kandhamal
in Orissa, Christians were the target of two and a half months of violence
which left more than 40 dead. Forty thousand people have been driven from
their homes, half of who now live in refugee camps.)
All these years Hafiz Saeed has lived the life of a respectable man
in Lahore as the head of the Jamaat-ud Daawa, which many believe is a front
organization for the Lashkar-e-Taiba. He continues to recruit young boys for
his own bigoted jehad with his twisted, fiery sermons. On December 11 the UN
imposed sanctions on the Jammat-ud-Daawa. The Pakistani government succumbed
to international pressure and put Hafiz Saeed under house arrest. Babu
Bajrangi, however, is out on bail and lives the life of a respectable man in
Gujarat. A couple of years after the genocide he left the VHP to join the
Shiv Sena. Narendra Modi, Bajrangi's former mentor, is still the chief
minister of Gujarat. So the man who presided over the Gujarat genocide was
re-elected twice, and is deeply respected by India's biggest corporate
houses, Reliance and Tata.
Suhel Seth, a TV impresario and corporate spokesperson, recently
said: "Modi is God." The policemen who supervised and sometimes even
assisted the rampaging Hindu mobs in Gujarat have been rewarded and
promoted. The RSS has 45,000 branches, its own range of charities and 7
million volunteers preaching its doctrine of hate across India. They include
Narendra Modi, but also former prime minister AB Vajpayee, current leader of
the opposition LK Advani, and a host of other senior politicians,
bureaucrats and police and intelligence officers.
If that's not enough to complicate our picture of secular democracy,
we should place on record that there are plenty of Muslim organisations
within India preaching their own narrow bigotry.
So, on balance, if I had to choose between Side A and Side B, I'd
pick Side B. We need context. Always.
In this nuclear subcontinent that context is partition. The
Radcliffe Line, which separated India and Pakistan and tore through states,
districts, villages, fields, communities, water systems, homes and families,
was drawn virtually overnight. It was Britain's final, parting kick to us.
Partition triggered the massacre of more than a million people and the
largest migration of a human population in contemporary history. Eight
million people, Hindus fleeing the new Pakistan, Muslims fleeing the new
kind of India left their homes with nothing but the clothes on their backs.
Each of those people carries and passes down a story of unimaginable
pain, hate, horror but yearning too. That wound, those torn but still
unsevered muscles, that blood and those splintered bones still lock us
together in a close embrace of hatred, terrifying familiarity but also love.
It has left Kashmir trapped in a nightmare from which it can't seem to
emerge, a nightmare that has claimed more than 60,000 lives. Pakistan, the
Land of the Pure, became an Islamic Republic, and then, very quickly a
corrupt, violent military state, openly intolerant of other faiths. India on
the other hand declared herself an inclusive, secular democracy. It was a
magnificent undertaking, but Babu Bajrangi's predecessors had been hard at
work since the 1920s, dripping poison into India's bloodstream, undermining
that idea of India even before it was born.
By 1990 they were ready to make a bid for power. In 1992 Hindu mobs
exhorted by LK Advani stormed the Babri Masjid and demolished it. By 1998
the BJP was in power at the centre. The US war on terror put the wind in
their sails. It allowed them to do exactly as they pleased, even to commit
genocide and then present their fascism as a legitimate form of chaotic
democracy. This happened at a time when India had opened its huge market to
international finance and it was in the interests of international
corporations and the media houses they owned to project it as a country that
could do no wrong. That gave Hindu nationalists all the impetus and the
impunity they needed.
This, then, is the larger historical context of terrorism in the
subcontinent and of the Mumbai attacks. It shouldn't surprise us that Hafiz
Saeed of the Lashkar-e-Taiba is from Shimla (India) and LK Advani of the
Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh is from Sindh (Pakistan).
In much the same way as it did after the 2001 parliament attack, the
2002 burning of the Sabarmati Express and the 2007 bombing of the Samjhauta
Express, the government of India announced that it has
"incontrovertible"
evidence that the Lashkar-e-Taiba backed by Pakistan's ISI was behind the
Mumbai strikes. The Lashkar has denied involvement, but remains the prime
accused. According to the police and intelligence agencies the Lashkar
operates in India through an organisation called the Indian Mujahideen. Two
Indian nationals, Sheikh Mukhtar Ahmed, a Special Police Officer working for
the Jammu and Kashmir police, and Tausif Rehman, a resident of Kolkata in
West Bengal, have been arrested in connection with the Mumbai attacks.
So already the neat accusation against Pakistan is getting a little
messy. Almost always, when these stories unspool, they reveal a complicated
global network of foot soldiers, trainers, recruiters, middlemen and
undercover intelligence and counter-intelligence operatives working not just
on both sides of the India-Pakistan border, but in several countries
simultaneously. In today's world, trying to pin down the provenance of a
terrorist strike and isolate it within the borders of a single nation state
is very much like trying to pin down the provenance of corporate money.
It's
almost impossible.
In circumstances like these, air strikes to "take out" terrorist
camps may take out the camps, but certainly will not "take out" the
terrorists. Neither will war. (Also, in our bid for the moral high ground,
let's try not to forget that the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the LTTE
of neighbouring Sri Lanka, one of the world's most deadly terrorist groups,
were trained by the Indian army.)
Thanks largely to the part it was forced to play as America's ally
first in its war in support of the Afghan Islamists and then in its war
against them, Pakistan, whose territory is reeling under these
contradictions, is careening towards civil war. As recruiting agents for
America's jihad against the Soviet Union, it was the job of the Pakistan
army and the ISI to nurture and channel funds to Islamic fundamentalist
organizations. Having wired up these Frankensteins and released them into
the world, the US expected it could rein them in like pet mastiffs whenever
it wanted to.
Certainly it did not expect them to come calling in heart of the
Homeland on September 11. So once again, Afghanistan had to be violently
remade. Now the debris of a re-ravaged Afghanistan has washed up on
Pakistan's borders. Nobody, least of all the Pakistan government, denies
that it is presiding over a country that is threatening to implode. The
terrorist training camps, the fire-breathing mullahs and the maniacs who
believe that Islam will, or should, rule the world is mostly the detritus of
two Afghan wars. Their ire rains down on the Pakistan government and
Pakistani civilians as much, if not more than it does on India.
If at this point India decides to go to war perhaps the descent of
the whole region into chaos will be complete. The debris of a bankrupt,
destroyed Pakistan will wash up on India's shores, endangering us as never
before. If Pakistan collapses, we can look forward to having millions of
"non-state actors" with an arsenal of nuclear weapons at their
disposal as
neighbours.. It's hard to understand why those who steer India's ship
are so
keen to replicate Pakistan's mistakes and call damnation upon this country
by inviting the United States to further meddle clumsily and dangerously in
our extremely complicated affairs. A superpower never has allies. It only
has agents.
On the plus side, the advantage of going to war is that it's the
best way for India to avoid facing up to the serious trouble building on our
home front. The Mumbai attacks were broadcast live (and exclusive!) on all
or most of our 67 24-hour news channels and god knows how many international
ones. TV anchors in their studios and journalists at "ground zero"
kept up
an endless stream of excited commentary. Over three days and three nights we
watched in disbelief as a small group of very young men armed with guns and
gadgets exposed the powerlessness of the police, the elite National Security
Guard and the marine commandos of this supposedly mighty, nuclear-powered
nation.
While they did this they indiscriminately massacred unarmed people,
in railway stations, hospitals and luxury hotels, unmindful of their class,
caste, religion or nationality. (Part of the helplessness of the security
forces had to do with having to worry about hostages. In other situations,
in Kashmir for example, their tactics are not so sensitive. Whole buildings
are blown up. Human shields are used. The U.S and Israeli armies don't
hesitate to send cruise missiles into buildings and drop daisy cutters on
wedding parties in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan.) But this was different.
And it was on TV.
The boy-terrorists' nonchalant willingness to kill - and be killed -
mesmerised their international audience. They delivered something different
from the usual diet of suicide bombings and missile attacks that people have
grown inured to on the news. Here was something new. Die Hard 25. The
gruesome performance went on and on. TV ratings soared. Ask any television
magnate or corporate advertiser who measures broadcast time in seconds, not
minutes, what that's worth.
Eventually the killers died and died hard, all but one. (Perhaps, in
the chaos, some escaped. We may never know.) Throughout the standoff the
terrorists made no demands and expressed no desire to negotiate. Their
purpose was to kill people and inflict as much damage as they could before
they were killed themselves. They left us completely bewildered. When we say
"nothing can justify terrorism", what most of us mean is that nothing
can
justify the taking of human life. We say this because we respect life,
because we think it's precious. So what are we to make of those who care
nothing for life, not even their own? The truth is that we have no idea what
to make of them, because we can sense that even before they've died,
they've
journeyed to another world where we cannot reach them.
One TV channel (India TV) broadcast a phone conversation with one of
the attackers, who called himself Imran Babar. I cannot vouch for the
veracity of the conversation, but the things he talked about were the things
contained in the "terror emails" that were sent out before several
other
bomb attacks in India. Things we don't want to talk about any more: the
demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992, the genocidal slaughter of Muslims
in Gujarat in 2002, the brutal repression in Kashmir. "You're
surrounded,"
the anchor told him. "You are definitely going to die. Why don't you
surrender?"
"We die every day," he replied in a strange, mechanical way.
"It's
better to live one day as a lion and then die this way." He didn't
seem to
want to change the world. He just seemed to want to take it down with him.
If the men were indeed members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, why didn't it
matter to them that a large number of their victims were Muslim, or that
their action was likely to result in a severe backlash against the Muslim
community in India whose rights they claim to be fighting for? Terrorism is
a heartless ideology, and like most ideologies that have their eye on the
Big Picture, individuals don't figure in their calculations except as
collateral damage. It has always been a part of and often even the aim of
terrorist strategy to exacerbate a bad situation in order to expose hidden
faultlines. The blood of "martyrs" irrigates terrorism. Hindu
terrorists
need dead Hindus, Communist terrorists need dead proletarians, Islamist
terrorists need dead Muslims. The dead become the demonstration, the proof
of victimhood, which is central to the project. A single act of terrorism is
not in itself meant to achieve military victory; at best it is meant to be a
catalyst that triggers something else, something much larger than itself, a
tectonic shift, a realignment. The act itself is theatre, spectacle and
symbolism, and today, the stage on which it pirouettes and performs its acts
of bestiality is Live TV. Even as the attack was being condemned by TV
anchors, the effectiveness of the terror strikes were being magnified a
thousandfold by TV broadcasts.
Through the endless hours of analysis and the endless op-ed essays,
in India at least there has been very little mention of the elephants in the
room: Kashmir, Gujarat and the demolition of the Babri Masjid. Instead we
had retired diplomats and strategic experts debate the pros and cons of a
war against Pakistan. We had the rich threatening not to pay their taxes
unless their security was guaranteed (is it alright for the poor to remain
unprotected?). We had people suggest that the government step down and each
state in India be handed over to a separate corporation. We had the death of
former prime minster VP Singh, the hero of Dalits and lower castes and
villain of Upper caste Hindus pass without a mention.
We had Suketu Mehta, author of Maximum City and co-writer of the
Bollywood film Mission Kashmir, give us his version of George Bush's famous
"Why they hate us" speech. His analysis of why religious bigots, both
Hindu
and Muslim hate Mumbai: "Perhaps because Mumbai stands for lucre, profane
dreams and an indiscriminate openness." His prescription: "The best
answer
to the terrorists is to dream bigger, make even more money, and visit Mumbai
more than ever." Didn't George Bush ask Americans to go out and shop
after
9/11? Ah yes. 9/11, the day we can't seem to get away from.
Though one chapter of horror in Mumbai has ended, another might have
just begun. Day after day, a powerful, vociferous section of the Indian
elite, goaded by marauding TV anchors who make Fox News look almost radical
and leftwing, have taken to mindlessly attacking politicians, all
politicians, glorifying the police and the army and virtually asking for a
police state. It isn't surprising that those who have grown plump on the
pickings of democracy (such as it is) should now be calling for a police
state. The era of "pickings" is long gone. We're now in the era
of Grabbing
by Force, and democracy has a terrible habit of getting in the way.
Dangerous, stupid television flashcards like the Police are Good
Politicians are Bad/Chief Executives are Good Chief Ministers are Bad/Army
is Good Government is Bad/ India is Good Pakistan is Bad are being bandied
about by TV channels that have already whipped their viewers into a state of
almost uncontrollable hysteria.
Tragically, this regression into intellectual infancy comes at a
time when people in India were beginning to see that in the business of
terrorism, victims and perpetrators sometimes exchange roles. It's an
understanding that the people of Kashmir, given their dreadful experiences
of the last 20 years, have honed to an exquisite art. On the mainland we're
still learning. (If Kashmir won't willingly integrate into India, it's
beginning to look as though India will integrate/disintegrate into Kashmir.)
It was after the 2001 parliament attack that the first serious
questions began to be raised. A campaign by a group of lawyers and activists
exposed how innocent people had been framed by the police and the press, how
evidence was fabricated, how witnesses lied, how due process had been
criminally violated at every stage of the investigation. Eventually the
courts acquitted two out of the four accused, including SAR Geelani, the man
whom the police claimed was the mastermind of the operation. A third,
Showkat Guru, was acquitted of all the charges brought against him but was
then convicted for a fresh, comparatively minor offence. The supreme court
upheld the death sentence of another of the accused, Mohammad Afzal. In its
judgment the court acknowledged there was no proof that Mohammed Afzal
belonged to any terrorist group, but went on to say, quite shockingly,
"The
collective conscience of the society will only be satisfied if capital
punishment is awarded to the offender." Even today we don't really
know who
the terrorists that attacked the Indian parliament were and who they worked
for.
More recently, on September 19 this year, we had the controversial
"encounter" at Batla House in Jamia Nagar, Delhi, where the Special
Cell of
the Delhi police gunned down two Muslim students in their rented flat under
seriously questionable circumstances, claiming that they were responsible
for serial bombings in Delhi, Jaipur and Ahmedabad in 2008. An assistant
commissioner of Police, Mohan Chand Sharma, who played a key role in the
parliament attack investigation, lost his life as well. He was one of
India's many "encounter specialists" known and rewarded for
having summarily
executed several "terrorists". There was an outcry against the
Special Cell
from a spectrum of people, ranging from eyewitnesses in the local community
to senior Congress Party leaders, students, journalists, lawyers, academics
and activists all of whom demanded a judicial inquiry into the incident.. In
response, the BJP and LK Advani lauded Mohan Chand Sharma as a
"Braveheart"
and launched a concerted campaign in which they targeted those who had dared
to question the integrity of the police, saying it was "suicidal" and
calling them "anti-national". Of course there has been no inquiry.
Only days after the Batla House event, another story about
"terrorists" surfaced in the news. In a report submitted to a
sessions
court, the CBI said that a team from Delhi's Special Cell (the same team
that led the Batla House encounter, including Mohan Chand Sharma) had
abducted two innocent men, Irshad Ali and Moarif Qamar, in December 2005,
planted 2kg of RDX and two pistols on them and then arrested them as
"terrorists" who belonged to Al Badr (which operates out of Kashmir).
Ali
and Qamar who have spent years in jail, are only two examples out of
hundreds of Muslims who have been similarly jailed, tortured and even killed
on false charges.
This pattern changed in October 2008 when Maharashtra's
Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) that was investigating the September 2008
Malegaon blasts arrested a Hindu preacher Sadhvi Pragya, a self-styled God
man Swami Dayanand Pande and Lt Col Purohit, a serving officer of the Indian
Army. All the arrested belong to Hindu Nationalist organizations including a
Hindu Supremacist group called Abhinav Bharat. The Shiv Sena, the BJP and
the RSS condemned the Maharashtra ATS, and vilified its chief, Hemant
Karkare, claiming he was part of a political conspiracy and declaring that
"Hindus could not be terrorists". LK Advani changed his mind about
his
policy on the police and made rabble rousing speeches to huge gatherings in
which he denounced the ATS for daring to cast aspersions on holy men and
women.
On the November 25 newspapers reported that the ATS was
investigating the high profile VHP Chief Pravin Togadia's possible role in
the Malegaon blasts. The next day, in an extraordinary twist of fate, Hemant
Karkare was killed in the Mumbai Attacks. The chances are that the new chief
whoever he is, will find it hard to withstand the political pressure that is
bound to be brought on him over the Malegaon investigation.
While the Sangh Parivar does not seem to have come to a final
decision over whether or not it is anti-national and suicidal to question
the police, Arnab Goswami, anchorperson of Times Now television, has stepped
up to the plate. He has taken to naming, demonising and openly heckling
people who have dared to question the integrity of the police and armed
forces. My name and the name of the well-known lawyer Prashant Bhushan have
come up several times. At one point, while interviewing a former police
officer, Arnab Goswami turned to camera: "Arundhati Roy and Prashant
Bhushan," he said, "I hope you are watching this. We think you are
disgusting." For a TV anchor to do this in an atmosphere as charged and as
frenzied as the one that prevails today, amounts to incitement as well as
threat, and would probably in different circumstances have cost a journalist
his or her job.
So according to a man aspiring to be the next prime minister of
India, and another who is the public face of a mainstream TV channel,
citizens have no right to raise questions about the police. This in a
country with a shadowy history of suspicious terror attacks, murky
investigations, and fake "encounters". This in a country that boasts
of the
highest number of custodial deaths in the world and yet refuses to ratify
the International Covenant on Torture. A country where the ones who make it
to torture chambers are the lucky ones because at least they've escaped
being "encountered" by our Encounter Specialists. A country where the
line
between the Underworld and the Encounter Specialists virtually does not
exist.
How should those of us whose hearts have been sickened by the
knowledge of all of this view the Mumbai attacks, and what are we to do
about them? There are those who point out that US strategy has been
successful inasmuch as the United States has not suffered a major attack on
its home ground since 9/11. However, some would say that what America is
suffering now is far worse. If the idea behind the 9/11 terror attacks was
to goad America into showing its true colors, what greater success could the
terrorists have asked for? The US army is bogged down in two unwinnable
wars, which have made the United States the most hated country in the world.
Those wars have contributed greatly to the unraveling of the American
economy and who knows, perhaps eventually the American empire. (Could it be
that battered, bombed Afghanistan, the graveyard of the Soviet Union, will
be the undoing of this one too?) Hundreds of thousands people including
thousands of American soldiers have lost their lives in Iraq and
Afghanistan. The frequency of terrorist strikes on U.S allies/agents
(including India) and U.S interests in the rest of the world has increased
dramatically since 9/11. George Bush, the man who led the US response to
9/11 is a despised figure not just internationally, but also by his own
people. Who can possibly claim that the United States is winning the war on
terror?
Homeland Security has cost the US government billions of dollars.
Few countries, certainly not India, can afford that sort of price tag. But
even if we could, the fact is that this vast homeland of ours cannot be
secured or policed in the way the United States has been. It's not that
kind
of homeland. We have a hostile nuclear weapons state that is slowly spinning
out of control as a neighbour, we have a military occupation in Kashmir and
a shamefully persecuted, impoverished minority of more than 150 million
Muslims who are being targeted as a community and pushed to the wall, whose
young see no justice on the horizon, and who, were they to totally lose hope
and radicalise, end up as a threat not just to India, but to the whole
world. If ten men can hold off the NSG commandos, and the police for three
days, and if it takes half a million soldiers to hold down the Kashmir
valley, do the math. What kind of Homeland Security can secure India?
Nor for that matter will any other quick fix. Anti-terrorism laws
are not meant for terrorists; they're for people that governments don't
like. That's why they have a conviction rate of less than 2%. They're
just a
means of putting inconvenient people away without bail for a long time and
eventually letting them go. Terrorists like those who attacked Mumbai are
hardly likely to be deterred by the prospect of being refused bail or being
sentenced to death. It's what they want.
What we're experiencing now is blowback, the cumulative result of
decades of quick fixes and dirty deeds. The carpet's squelching under our
feet.
The only way to contain (it would be na?ve to say end) terrorism is
to look at the monster in the mirror. We're standing at a fork in the road.
One sign says Justice, the other Civil War. There's no third sign and
there's no going back. Choose.
முஹர்ரம் மாத நோன்பு (ஆஷூரா)
முஹர்ரம் மாத நோன்பு (ஆஷூரா)
நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் மதினாவிற்கு வருகை தந்தபோது ஆஷூரா நாளில் யூதர்கள் நோன்பிருப்பதைக் கண்டார்கள். இந்நாளின் சிறப்பென்ன? என்று யூதர்களிடம் நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கேட்டார்கள். அதற்கு யூதர்கள் இது மகத்தான நாளாகும். இந்நாளில் தான் மூஸா (அலை) அவர்களை அல்லாஹ் காப்பாற்றினான். மேலும் ஃபிர்அவுனையும் அவனுடைய சமூகத்தினரையும் (கடலில்) மூழ்கடித்தான். எனவே அல்லாஹ்வுக்கு நன்றி கூறும் விதமாக மூஸா (அலை) அவர்கள் நோன்பு நோற்றார்கள். அதனால் நாங்கள் நோன்பு நோற்கிறோம் என்று கூறினார். நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் நாங்கள் தான் மூஸா (அலை) அவர்களை பின்பற்றுவதில் உங்களை விடத் தகுதியானவர்கள் என்று கூறினார்கள். அந்நாளில் நோன்பு நோற்றார்கள், மேலும் நோன்பு நோற்குமாறு கட்டளையிட்டார்கள். அறிவிக்கும் நபித்தோழர், இப்னு அப்பாஸ் (ரலி) நூல்கள்: புகாரி, முஸ்லிம், அபூதாவூத்
நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் யூதர்களின் வழிமுறைக்கு மாற்றம் செய்யும் விதமாக ஆஷுரா நாளின் முந்திய (ஒன்பதாம்) நாளும் நோன்பு நோற்குமாறு கூறினார்கள். மேலும் நான் வரக்கூடிய வருடம் இருந்தேனேயானால் ஒன்பதாம் நாளும் நோன்பு நோற்பேன் என்று குறிப்பிட்டார்கள். ஆனால் அதே வருடத்தில் மரணமடைந்தார்கள். அறிவிக்கும் நபித்தோழர், இப்னு அப்பாஸ் (ரலி) நூல்: முஸ்லிம்.
‘ரமழானுக்குப் பின் சிறப்பான நோன்பு முஹர்ரம் மாதத்தின் நோன்பாகும், கடமையான தொழுகைக்குப் பின் சிறப்பான தொழுகை இரவுத் தொழுகையாகும்.’ என நபிகள் நாயகம் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள். (அறிவிப்பவர்: அபூஹுரைரா (ரலி), புஹாரி, முஸ்லிம்).
நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் ஆஷூரா தினத்தில் காலையில் அன்ஸாரிகளின் கிராமங்களுக்கு ஆளனுப்பி, ‘யார் நோன்பு நோற்காதவராகக் காலைப் பொழுதை அடைந்துவிட்டாரோ அவர் இன்றைய தினத்தின் எஞ்சிய நேரத்தை (நோன்பாக) நிறைவு செய்யட்டும்! யார் நோன்பாளியாகக் காலைப் பொழுதை அடைந்தாரோ அவர் நோன்பைத் தொடரட்டும்!” என்று அறிவிக்கச் செய்தார்கள். நாங்கள் அதன் பின்னர் அந்நாளில் நோன்பு நோற்கலானோம்; எங்கள் சிறுவர்களையும் நோன்பு நோற்க வைப்போம். கம்பளியாலான விளையாட்டுப் பொருட்களை அவர்களுக்காக நாங்கள் செய்வோம்; அவர்கள் (பசியால்) உணவு கேட்டும் அழும்போது நோன்பு முடியும் நேரம் வரும் வரை (அவர்கள் பசியை மறந்திருப்பதற்காக) அவர்களிடம் அந்த விளையாட்டுப் பொருட்களைக் கொடுப்போம். - புஹாரி : அர்ருபை பின்த் முஅவ்வித் (ரலி).
நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் மதினாவிற்கு வருகை தந்தபோது ஆஷூரா நாளில் யூதர்கள் நோன்பிருப்பதைக் கண்டார்கள். இந்நாளின் சிறப்பென்ன? என்று யூதர்களிடம் நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கேட்டார்கள். அதற்கு யூதர்கள் இது மகத்தான நாளாகும். இந்நாளில் தான் மூஸா (அலை) அவர்களை அல்லாஹ் காப்பாற்றினான். மேலும் ஃபிர்அவுனையும் அவனுடைய சமூகத்தினரையும் (கடலில்) மூழ்கடித்தான். எனவே அல்லாஹ்வுக்கு நன்றி கூறும் விதமாக மூஸா (அலை) அவர்கள் நோன்பு நோற்றார்கள். அதனால் நாங்கள் நோன்பு நோற்கிறோம் என்று கூறினார். நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் நாங்கள் தான் மூஸா (அலை) அவர்களை பின்பற்றுவதில் உங்களை விடத் தகுதியானவர்கள் என்று கூறினார்கள். அந்நாளில் நோன்பு நோற்றார்கள், மேலும் நோன்பு நோற்குமாறு கட்டளையிட்டார்கள். அறிவிக்கும் நபித்தோழர், இப்னு அப்பாஸ் (ரலி) நூல்கள்: புகாரி, முஸ்லிம், அபூதாவூத்
நபி(ஸல்) அவர்கள் யூதர்களின் வழிமுறைக்கு மாற்றம் செய்யும் விதமாக ஆஷுரா நாளின் முந்திய (ஒன்பதாம்) நாளும் நோன்பு நோற்குமாறு கூறினார்கள். மேலும் நான் வரக்கூடிய வருடம் இருந்தேனேயானால் ஒன்பதாம் நாளும் நோன்பு நோற்பேன் என்று குறிப்பிட்டார்கள். ஆனால் அதே வருடத்தில் மரணமடைந்தார்கள். அறிவிக்கும் நபித்தோழர், இப்னு அப்பாஸ் (ரலி) நூல்: முஸ்லிம்.
‘ரமழானுக்குப் பின் சிறப்பான நோன்பு முஹர்ரம் மாதத்தின் நோன்பாகும், கடமையான தொழுகைக்குப் பின் சிறப்பான தொழுகை இரவுத் தொழுகையாகும்.’ என நபிகள் நாயகம் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் கூறினார்கள். (அறிவிப்பவர்: அபூஹுரைரா (ரலி), புஹாரி, முஸ்லிம்).
நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் ஆஷூரா தினத்தில் காலையில் அன்ஸாரிகளின் கிராமங்களுக்கு ஆளனுப்பி, ‘யார் நோன்பு நோற்காதவராகக் காலைப் பொழுதை அடைந்துவிட்டாரோ அவர் இன்றைய தினத்தின் எஞ்சிய நேரத்தை (நோன்பாக) நிறைவு செய்யட்டும்! யார் நோன்பாளியாகக் காலைப் பொழுதை அடைந்தாரோ அவர் நோன்பைத் தொடரட்டும்!” என்று அறிவிக்கச் செய்தார்கள். நாங்கள் அதன் பின்னர் அந்நாளில் நோன்பு நோற்கலானோம்; எங்கள் சிறுவர்களையும் நோன்பு நோற்க வைப்போம். கம்பளியாலான விளையாட்டுப் பொருட்களை அவர்களுக்காக நாங்கள் செய்வோம்; அவர்கள் (பசியால்) உணவு கேட்டும் அழும்போது நோன்பு முடியும் நேரம் வரும் வரை (அவர்கள் பசியை மறந்திருப்பதற்காக) அவர்களிடம் அந்த விளையாட்டுப் பொருட்களைக் கொடுப்போம். - புஹாரி : அர்ருபை பின்த் முஅவ்வித் (ரலி).
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